Question 99
What rules are to be observed for the right understanding of the ten commandments?
For the right understanding of the ten commandments, these rules are to be observed: 1. That the law is perfect, and bindeth everyone to full conformity in the whole man unto the righteousness thereof, and unto entire obedience forever; so as to require the utmost perfection of every duty, and to forbid the least degree of every sin.a 2. That it is spiritual, and so reacheth the understanding, will, affections, and all other powers of the soul; as well as words, works, and gestures.b 3. That one and the same thing, in divers respects, is required or forbidden in several commandments.c 4. That as, where a duty is commanded, the contrary sin is forbidden;d and, where a sin is forbidden, the contrary duty is commanded:e so, where a promise is annexed, the contrary threatening is included;f and, where a threatening is annexed, the contrary promise is included.g 5. That what God forbids, is at no time to be done;h What he commands, is always our duty;i and yet every particular duty is not to be done at all times.j 6. That under one sin or duty, all of the same kind are forbidden or commanded; together with all the causes, means, occasions, and appearances thereof, and provocations thereunto.k 7. That what is forbidden or commanded to ourselves, we are bound, according to our places, to endeavor that it may be avoided or performed by others, according to the duty of their places.l 8. That in what is commanded to others, we are bound, according to our places and callings, to be helpful to them;m and to take heed of partaking with others in what is forbidden them.n
What rules are to be observed for the right understanding of the ten commandments?
For the right understanding of the ten commandments, these rules are to be observed: 1. That the law is perfect, and binds everyone to full conformity in the whole man unto the righteousness thereof, and unto entire obedience forever; so as to require the utmost perfection of every duty, and to forbid the least degree of every sin.a 2. That it is spiritual, and so reacheth the understanding, will, affections, and all other powers of the soul; as well as words, works, and gestures.b 3. That one and the same thing, in various respects, is required or forbidden in several commandments.c 4. That as, where a duty is commanded, the contrary sin is forbidden;d and, where a sin is forbidden, the contrary duty is commanded:e so, where a promise is annexed, the contrary threatening is included;f and, where a threatening is annexed, the contrary promise is included.g 5. That what God forbids, is at no time to be done;h What he commands, is always our duty;i and yet every particular duty is not to be done at all times.j 6. That under one sin or duty, all of the same kind are forbidden or commanded; together with all the causes, means, occasions, and appearances thereof, and provocations thereunto.k 7. That what is forbidden or commanded to ourselves, we are bound, according to our places, to endeavor that it may be avoided or performed by others, according to the duty of their places.l 8. That in what is commanded to others, we are bound, according to our places and callings, to be helpful to them;m and to take heed of partaking with others in what is forbidden them.n
a. Psalm 19:7; James 2:10; Matthew 5:21–22
Psalm 19:7
19:7 The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple.
19:7 The Law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the LORD is trustworthy, making wise the simple.
James 2:10
2:10 For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all.
2:10 Whoever keeps the whole law but stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it.
Matthew 5:21–22
5:21 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: 5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire.
5:21 You have heard that it was said to the ancients, 'Do not murder' and 'Anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.' 5:22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, 'Raca,' will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, 'You fool!' will be subject to the fire of hell.
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b. Romans 7:14; Deuteronomy 6:5; Matthew 22:37–39; 5:21–22, 27–28, 33–34, 37–39, 43–44
Romans 7:14
7:14 For we know that the law is spiritual: but I am carnal, sold under sin.
7:14 We know that the law is spiritual; but I am unspiritual, sold as a slave to sin.
Deuteronomy 6:5
6:5 And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.
6:5 And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.
Matthew 22:37–39
22:37 Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. 22:38 This is the first and great commandment. 22:39 And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
22:37 Jesus declared, "'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.' 22:38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 22:39 And the second is like it: 'Love your neighbor as yourself.'
Matthew 5:21–22; Matthew 5:27–28; Matthew 5:33–34; Matthew 5:37–39; Matthew 5:43–44
5:21 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: 5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. 5:27 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. 5:33 Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths: 5:34 But I say unto you, Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God’s throne: 5:37 But let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil. 5:38 Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth: 5:39 But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. 5:43 Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy. 5:44 But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;
5:21 You have heard that it was said to the ancients, 'Do not murder' and 'Anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.' 5:22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, 'Raca,' will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, 'You fool!' will be subject to the fire of hell. 5:27 You have heard that it was said, 'Do not commit adultery.' 5:28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 5:33 Again, you have heard that it was said to the ancients, 'Do not break your oath, but fulfill your vows to the Lord.' 5:34 But I tell you not to swear at all: either by heaven, for it is God's throne; 5:37 Simply let your 'Yes' be 'Yes,' and your 'No,' 'No.' Anything more comes from the evil one. 5:38 You have heard that it was said, 'Eye for eye and tooth for tooth.' 5:39 But I tell you not to resist an evil person. If someone slaps you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also; 5:43 You have heard that it was said, 'Love your neighbor' and 'Hate your enemy.' 5:44 But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,
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c. Colossians 3:5; Amos 8:5; Proverbs 1:19; 1 Timothy 6:10
Colossians 3:5
3:5 Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth; fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness, which is idolatry:
3:5 Put to death, therefore, the components of your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires, and greed, which is idolatry.
Amos 8:5
8:5 Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit?
8:5 asking, "When will the New Moon be over, that we may sell grain? When will the Sabbath end, that we may market wheat? Let us reduce the ephah and increase the shekel; let us cheat with dishonest scales.
Proverbs 1:19
1:19 So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; which taketh away the life of the owners thereof.
1:19 Such is the fate of all who are greedy, whose unjust gain takes the lives of its possessors.
1 Timothy 6:10
6:10 For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.
6:10 For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil. By craving it, some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many sorrows.
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d. Isaiah 58:13; Deuteronomy 6:13; Matthew 4:9–10; 15:4–6
Isaiah 58:13
58:13 If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words:
58:13 If you turn your foot from breaking the Sabbath, from doing as you please on My holy day, if you call the Sabbath a delight, and the LORD's holy day honorable, if you honor it by not going your own way or seeking your own pleasure or speaking idle words,
Deuteronomy 6:13
6:13 Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God, and serve him, and shalt swear by his name.
6:13 Fear the LORD your God, serve Him only, and take your oaths in His name.
Matthew 4:9–10
4:9 And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me. 4:10 Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.
4:9 "All this I will give You," he said, "if You will fall down and worship me." 4:10 "Away from Me, Satan!" Jesus declared. "For it is written: 'Worship the Lord your God and serve Him only.'"
Matthew 15:4–6
15:4 For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death. 15:5 But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; 15:6 And honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition.
15:4 For God said, 'Honor your father and mother' and 'Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.' 15:5 But you say that if anyone says to his father or mother, 'Whatever you would have received from me is a gift devoted to God,' 15:6 he need not honor his father or mother with it. Thus you nullify the word of God for the sake of your tradition.
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e. Matthew 5:21–25; Ephesians 4:28
Matthew 5:21–25
5:21 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: 5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. 5:23 Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath ought against thee; 5:24 Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. 5:25 Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him; lest at any time the adversary deliver thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison.
5:21 You have heard that it was said to the ancients, 'Do not murder' and 'Anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.' 5:22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, 'Raca,' will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, 'You fool!' will be subject to the fire of hell. 5:23 So if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, 5:24 leave your gift there before the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother; then come and offer your gift. 5:25 Reconcile quickly with your adversary, while you are still on the way to court. Otherwise, he may hand you over to the judge, and the judge may hand you over to the officer, and you may be thrown into prison.
Ephesians 4:28
4:28 Let him that stole steal no more: but rather let him labour, working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth.
4:28 He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing good with his own hands, that he may have something to share with the one in need.
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f. Exodus 20:12; Proverbs 30:17
Exodus 20:12
20:12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.
20:12 Honor your father and mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you.
Proverbs 30:17
30:17 The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.
30:17 As for the eye that mocks a father and scorns obedience to a mother, may the ravens of the valley pluck it out and young vultures devour it.
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g. Jeremiah 18:7–8; Exodus 20:7; Psalms 15:1, 4–5; 24:4–5
Jeremiah 18:7–8
18:7 At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to pluck up, and to pull down, and to destroy it; 18:8 If that nation, against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them.
18:7 At any time I might announce that a nation or kingdom will be uprooted, torn down, and destroyed. 18:8 But if that nation I warned turns from its evil, then I will relent of the disaster I had planned to bring.
Exodus 20:7
20:7 Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
20:7 You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not leave anyone unpunished who takes His name in vain.
Psalm 15:1; Psalm 15:4–5
15:1 Lord, who shall abide in thy tabernacle? who shall dwell in thy holy hill? 15:4 In whose eyes a vile person is contemned; but he honoureth them that fear the Lord. He that sweareth to his own hurt, and changeth not. 15:5 He that putteth not out his money to usury, nor taketh reward against the innocent. He that doeth these things shall never be moved.
15:1 A Psalm of David. O LORD, who may abide in Your tent? Who may dwell on Your holy mountain? 15:4 who despises the vile but honors those who fear the LORD, who does not revise a costly oath, 15:5 who lends his money without interest and refuses a bribe against the innocent. He who does these things will never be shaken.
Psalm 24:4–5
24:4 He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully. 24:5 He shall receive the blessing from the Lord, and righteousness from the God of his salvation.
24:4 He who has clean hands and a pure heart, who does not lift up his soul to an idol or swear deceitfully. 24:5 He will receive blessing from the LORD and vindication from the God of his salvation.
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h. Job 13:7–8; Romans 3:8; Job 36:21; Hebrews 11:25
Job 13:7–8
13:7 Will ye speak wickedly for God? and talk deceitfully for him? 13:8 Will ye accept his person? will ye contend for God?
13:7 Will you speak wickedly on God's behalf or speak deceitfully for Him? 13:8 Would you show Him partiality or argue in His defense?
Romans 3:8
3:8 And not rather, (as we be slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say,) Let us do evil, that good may come? whose damnation is just.
3:8 Why not say, as some slanderously claim that we say, "Let us do evil that good may result"? Their condemnation is deserved!
Job 36:21
36:21 Take heed, regard not iniquity: for this hast thou chosen rather than affliction.
36:21 Be careful not to turn to iniquity, for this you have preferred to affliction.
Hebrews 11:25
11:25 Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season;
11:25 He chose to suffer oppression with God's people rather than to experience the fleeting enjoyment of sin.
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i. Deuteronomy 4:8–9
Deuteronomy 4:8–9
4:8 And what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day? 4:9 Only take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life: but teach them thy sons, and thy sons’ sons;
4:8 And what nation is great enough to have righteous statutes and ordinances like this entire law I set before you today? 4:9 Only be on your guard and diligently watch yourselves, so that you do not forget the things your eyes have seen, and so that they do not slip from your heart as long as you live. Teach them to your children and grandchildren.
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j. Matthew 12:7
Matthew 12:7
12:7 But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless.
12:7 If only you had known the meaning of 'I desire mercy, not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the innocent.
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k. Matthew 5:21–22, 27–28; 15:4–6; Hebrews 10:24–25; Jude 23; Galatians 5:26; Colossians 3:21
Matthew 5:21–22; Matthew 5:27–28
5:21 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: 5:22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. 5:27 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: 5:28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.
5:21 You have heard that it was said to the ancients, 'Do not murder' and 'Anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.' 5:22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, 'Raca,' will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, 'You fool!' will be subject to the fire of hell. 5:27 You have heard that it was said, 'Do not commit adultery.' 5:28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
Matthew 15:4–6
15:4 For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death. 15:5 But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; 15:6 And honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition.
15:4 For God said, 'Honor your father and mother' and 'Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.' 15:5 But you say that if anyone says to his father or mother, 'Whatever you would have received from me is a gift devoted to God,' 15:6 he need not honor his father or mother with it. Thus you nullify the word of God for the sake of your tradition.
Hebrews 10:24–25
10:24 And let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works: 10:25 Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.
10:24 And let us consider how to spur one another on to love and good deeds. 10:25 Let us not neglect meeting together, as some have made a habit, but let us encourage one another, and all the more as you see the Day approaching.
Jude 1:23
1:23 And others save with fear, pulling them out of the fire; hating even the garment spotted by the flesh.
1:23 save others by snatching them from the fire; and to still others show mercy tempered with fear, hating even the clothing stained by the flesh.
Galatians 5:26
5:26 Let us not be desirous of vain glory, provoking one another, envying one another.
5:26 Let us not become conceited, provoking and envying one another.
Colossians 3:21
3:21 Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged.
3:21 Fathers, do not provoke your children, so they will not become discouraged.
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l. Exodus 20:10; Leviticus 19:17; Genesis 18:19; Joshua 24:15; Deuteronomy 6:6–7
Exodus 20:10
20:10 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:
20:10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God, on which you must not do any work-neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant or livestock, nor the foreigner within your gates.
Leviticus 19:17
19:17 Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart: thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him.
19:17 You must not harbor hatred against your brother in your heart. Directly rebuke your neighbor, so that you will not incur guilt on account of him.
Genesis 18:19
18:19 For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord, to do justice and judgment; that the Lord may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.
18:19 For I have chosen him, so that he will command his children and his household after him to keep the way of the LORD by doing what is right and just, in order that the LORD may bring upon Abraham what He has promised."
Joshua 24:15
24:15 And if it seem evil unto you to serve the Lord, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.
24:15 But if it is unpleasing in your sight to serve the LORD, then choose for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your fathers served beyond the Euphrates, or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living. As for me and my house, we will serve the LORD!"
Deuteronomy 6:6–7
6:6 And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart: 6:7 And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.
6:6 These words I am commanding you today are to be upon your hearts. 6:7 And you shall teach them diligently to your children and speak of them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up.
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m. 2 Corinthians 1:24
2 Corinthians 1:24
1:24 Not for that we have dominion over your faith, but are helpers of your joy: for by faith ye stand.
1:24 Not that we lord it over your faith, but we are fellow workers with you for your joy, because it is by faith that you stand firm.
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n. 1 Timothy 5:22; Ephesians 5:11
1 Timothy 5:22
5:22 Lay hands suddenly on no man, neither be partaker of other men’s sins: keep thyself pure.
5:22 Do not be too quick in the laying on of hands and thereby share in the sins of others. Keep yourself pure.
Ephesians 5:11
5:11 And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.
5:11 Have no fellowship with the fruitless deeds of darkness, but rather expose them.
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