Westminster Larger Catechism (1647), Westminster Assembly

Question 141

What are the duties required in the eighth commandment?

The duties required in the eighth commandment are, truth, faithfulness, and justice in contracts and commerce between man and man;a rendering to everyone his due;b restitution of goods unlawfully detained from the right owners thereof;c giving and lending freely, according to our abilities, and the necessities of others;d moderation of our judgments, wills, and affections concerning worldly goods;e a provident care and study to get,f keep, use, and dispose these things which are necessary and convenient for the sustentation of our nature, and suitable to our condition;g a lawful calling,h and diligence in it;i frugality;j avoiding unnecessary lawsuitsk and suretyship, or other like engagements;l and an endeavor, by all just and lawful means, to procure, preserve, and further the wealth and outward estate of others, as well as our own.m

What are the duties required in the eighth commandment?

The duties required in the eighth commandment are, truth, faithfulness, and justice in contracts and commerce between man and man;a rendering to everyone his due;b restitution of goods unlawfully detained from the right owners thereof;c giving and lending freely, according to our abilities, and the necessities of others;d moderation of our judgments, wills, and affections concerning worldly goods;e a provident care and study to get,f keep, use, and dispose these things which are necessary and convenient for the sustentation of our nature, and suitable to our condition;g a lawful calling,h and diligence in it;i frugality;j avoiding unnecessary lawsuitsk and suretyship, or other like engagements;l and an endeavor, by all just and lawful means, to procure, preserve, and further the wealth and outward estate of others, as well as our own.m

  1. a. Psalm 15:2, 4; Zechariah 7:4, 10; 8:16–17

    Psalm 15:2; Psalm 15:4

    15:2 He that walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness, and speaketh the truth in his heart. 15:4 In whose eyes a vile person is contemned; but he honoureth them that fear the Lord. He that sweareth to his own hurt, and changeth not.

    15:2 He who walks with integrity and practices righteousness, who speaks the truth from his heart, 15:4 who despises the vile but honors those who fear the LORD, who does not revise a costly oath,

    Zechariah 7:4; Zechariah 7:10

    7:4 Then came the word of the Lord of hosts unto me, saying, 7:10 And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart.

    7:4 Then the word of the LORD of Hosts came to me, saying, 7:10 Do not oppress the widow or the fatherless, the foreigner or the poor. And do not plot evil in your hearts against one another.'

    Zechariah 8:16–17

    8:16 These are the things that ye shall do; Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbour; execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates: 8:17 And let none of you imagine evil in your hearts against his neighbour; and love no false oath: for all these are things that I hate, saith the Lord.

    8:16 These are the things you must do: Speak truth to one another, render true and sound judgments in your gates, 8:17 do not plot evil in your hearts against your neighbor, and do not love to swear falsely, for I hate all these things," declares the LORD.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  2. b. Romans 13:7

    Romans 13:7

    13:7 Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.

    13:7 Pay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  3. c. Leviticus 6:2–5; Luke 19:8

    Leviticus 6:2–5

    6:2 If a soul sin, and commit a trespass against the Lord, and lie unto his neighbour in that which was delivered him to keep, or in fellowship, or in a thing taken away by violence, or hath deceived his neighbour; 6:3 Or have found that which was lost, and lieth concerning it, and sweareth falsely; in any of all these that a man doeth, sinning therein: 6:4 Then it shall be, because he hath sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that which he took violently away, or the thing which he hath deceitfully gotten, or that which was delivered him to keep, or the lost thing which he found, 6:5 Or all that about which he hath sworn falsely; he shall even restore it in the principal, and shall add the fifth part more thereto, and give it unto him to whom it appertaineth, in the day of his trespass offering.

    6:2 "If someone sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD by deceiving his neighbor in regard to a deposit or security entrusted to him or stolen, or if he extorts his neighbor 6:3 or finds lost property and lies about it and swears falsely, or if he commits any such sin that a man might commit- 6:4 once he has sinned and becomes guilty, he must return what he has stolen or taken by extortion, or the deposit entrusted to him, or the lost property he found, 6:5 or anything else about which he has sworn falsely. He must make restitution in full, add a fifth of the value, and pay it to the owner on the day he acknowledges his guilt.

    Luke 19:8

    19:8 And Zacchæus stood, and said unto the Lord; Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have taken any thing from any man by false accusation, I restore him fourfold.

    19:8 But Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord, "Look, Lord, half of my possessions I give to the poor, and if I have cheated anyone, I will repay it fourfold."

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  4. d. Luke 6:30, 38; 1 John 3:17; Ephesians 4:28; Galatians 6:10

    Luke 6:30; Luke 6:38

    6:30 Give to every man that asketh of thee; and of him that taketh away thy goods ask them not again. 6:38 Give, and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal it shall be measured to you again.

    6:30 Give to everyone who asks you, and if anyone takes what is yours, do not demand it back. 6:38 Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you."

    1 John 3:17

    3:17 But whoso hath this world’s good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him?

    3:17 If anyone with earthly possessions sees his brother in need, but withholds his compassion from him, how can the love of God abide in him?

    Ephesians 4:28

    4:28 Let him that stole steal no more: but rather let him labour, working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth.

    4:28 He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing good with his own hands, that he may have something to share with the one in need.

    Galatians 6:10

    6:10 As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are of the household of faith.

    6:10 Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to everyone, and especially to the family of faith.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  5. e. 1 Timothy 6:6–9

    1 Timothy 6:6–9

    6:6 But godliness with contentment is great gain. 6:7 For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry nothing out. 6:8 And having food and raiment let us be therewith content. 6:9 But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition.

    6:6 Of course, godliness with contentment is great gain. 6:7 For we brought nothing into the world, so we cannot carry anything out of it. 6:8 But if we have food and clothing, we will be content with these. 6:9 Those who want to be rich, however, fall into temptation and become ensnared by many foolish and harmful desires that plunge them into ruin and destruction.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  6. f. 1 Timothy 5:8

    1 Timothy 5:8

    5:8 But if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel.

    5:8 If anyone does not provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  7. g. Proverbs 27:23–27; Ecclesiastes 3:12–13; Isaiah 38:1; Matthew 11:8

    Proverbs 27:23–27

    27:23 Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds. 27:24 For riches are not for ever: and doth the crown endure to every generation? 27:25 The hay appeareth, and the tender grass sheweth itself, and herbs of the mountains are gathered. 27:26 The lambs are for thy clothing, and the goats are the price of the field. 27:27 And thou shalt have goats’ milk enough for thy food, for the food of thy household, and for the maintenance for thy maidens.

    27:23 Be sure to know the state of your flocks, and pay close attention to your herds; 27:24 for riches are not forever, nor does a crown endure to every generation. 27:25 When hay is removed and new growth appears and the grain from the hills is gathered, 27:26 the lambs will provide you with clothing, and the goats with the price of a field. 27:27 You will have plenty of goats' milk to feed you-food for your household and nourishment for your maidservants.

    Ecclesiastes 3:12–13

    3:12 I know that there is no good in them, but for a man to rejoice, and to do good in his life. 3:13 And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it is the gift of God.

    3:12 I know that there is nothing better for them than to rejoice and do good while they live, 3:13 and also that every man should eat and drink and find satisfaction in all his labor-this is the gift of God.

    Isaiah 38:1

    38:1 In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came unto him, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord, Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live.

    38:1 In those days Hezekiah became mortally ill. The prophet Isaiah son of Amoz came to him and said, "This is what the LORD says: 'Put your house in order, for you are about to die; you will not recover.'"

    Matthew 11:8

    11:8 But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings’ houses.

    11:8 Otherwise, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine clothes? Look, those who wear fine clothing are found in kings' palaces.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  8. h. 1 Corinthians 7:20; Genesis 3:19

    1 Corinthians 7:20

    7:20 Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.

    7:20 Each one should remain in the situation he was in when he was called.

    Genesis 3:19

    3:19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

    3:19 By the sweat of your brow you will eat your bread, until you return to the ground-because out of it were you taken. For dust you are, and to dust you shall return."

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  9. i. Ephesians 4:28; Proverbs 10:4

    Ephesians 4:28

    4:28 Let him that stole steal no more: but rather let him labour, working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth.

    4:28 He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing good with his own hands, that he may have something to share with the one in need.

    Proverbs 10:4

    10:4 He becometh poor that dealeth with a slack hand: but the hand of the diligent maketh rich.

    10:4 Idle hands make one poor, but diligent hands bring wealth.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  10. j. John 6:12; Proverbs 21:20

    John 6:12

    6:12 When they were filled, he said unto his disciples, Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost.

    6:12 And when everyone was full, He said to His disciples, "Gather the pieces that are left over, so that nothing will be wasted."

    Proverbs 21:20

    21:20 There is treasure to be desired and oil in the dwelling of the wise; but a foolish man spendeth it up.

    21:20 Precious treasures and oil are in the dwelling of the wise, but a foolish man consumes them.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  11. k. 1 Corinthians 6:1–9

    1 Corinthians 6:1–9

    6:1 Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints? 6:2 Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world? and if the world shall be judged by you, are ye unworthy to judge the smallest matters? 6:3 Know ye not that we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life? 6:4 If then ye have judgments of things pertaining to this life, set them to judge who are least esteemed in the church. 6:5 I speak to your shame. Is it so, that there is not a wise man among you? no, not one that shall be able to judge between his brethren? 6:6 But brother goeth to law with brother, and that before the unbelievers. 6:7 Now therefore there is utterly a fault among you, because ye go to law one with another. Why do ye not rather take wrong? why do ye not rather suffer yourselves to be defrauded? 6:8 Nay, ye do wrong, and defraud, and that your brethren. 6:9 Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind,

    6:1 If any of you has a grievance against another, how dare he go to law before the unrighteous instead of before the saints! 6:2 Do you not know that the saints will judge the world? And if you are to judge the world, are you not competent to judge trivial cases? 6:3 Do you not know that we will judge angels? How much more the things of this life! 6:4 So if you need to settle everyday matters, do you appoint as judges those of no standing in the church? 6:5 I say this to your shame. Is there really no one among you wise enough to arbitrate between his brothers? 6:6 Instead, one brother goes to law against another, and this in front of unbelievers! 6:7 The very fact that you have lawsuits among you means that you are thoroughly defeated already. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be cheated? 6:8 Instead, you yourselves cheat and do wrong, even against your own brothers! 6:9 Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who submit to or perform homosexual acts,

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  12. l. Proverbs 6:1–6

    Proverbs 6:1–6

    6:1 My son, if thou be surety for thy friend, if thou hast stricken thy hand with a stranger, 6:2 Thou art snared with the words of thy mouth, thou art taken with the words of thy mouth. 6:3 Do this now, my son, and deliver thyself, when thou art come into the hand of thy friend; go, humble thyself, and make sure thy friend. 6:4 Give not sleep to thine eyes, nor slumber to thine eyelids. 6:5 Deliver thyself as a roe from the hand of the hunter, and as a bird from the hand of the fowler. 6:6 Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise:

    6:1 My son, if you have put up security for your neighbor, if you have struck hands in pledge with a stranger, 6:2 if you have been trapped by the words of your lips, ensnared by the words of your mouth, 6:3 then do this, my son, to free yourself, for you have fallen into your neighbor's hands: Go, humble yourself, and press your plea with your neighbor. 6:4 Allow no sleep to your eyes or slumber to your eyelids. 6:5 Free yourself, like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter, like a bird from the snare of the fowler. 6:6 Walk in the manner of the ant, O slacker; observe its ways and become wise.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  13. m. Leviticus 25:35; Deuteronomy 22:1–4; Exodus 23:4–5; Philippians 2:4

    Leviticus 25:35

    25:35 And if thy brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay with thee; then thou shalt relieve him: yea, though he be a stranger, or a sojourner; that he may live with thee.

    25:35 Now if your countryman becomes destitute and cannot support himself among you, then you are to help him as you would a foreigner or stranger, so that he can continue to live among you.

    Deuteronomy 22:1–4

    22:1 Thou shalt not see thy brother’s ox or his sheep go astray, and hide thyself from them: thou shalt in any case bring them again unto thy brother. 22:2 And if thy brother be not nigh unto thee, or if thou know him not, then thou shalt bring it unto thine own house, and it shall be with thee until thy brother seek after it, and thou shalt restore it to him again. 22:3 In like manner shalt thou do with his ass; and so shalt thou do with his raiment; and with all lost thing of thy brother’s, which he hath lost, and thou hast found, shalt thou do likewise: thou mayest not hide thyself. 22:4 Thou shalt not see thy brother’s ass or his ox fall down by the way, and hide thyself from them: thou shalt surely help him to lift them up again.

    22:1 If you see your brother's ox or sheep straying, you must not ignore it; be sure to return it to your brother. 22:2 If your brother does not live near you, or if you do not know who he is, you are to take the animal home to remain with you until your brother comes seeking it; then you can return it to him. 22:3 And you shall do the same for his donkey, his cloak, or anything your brother has lost and you have found. You must not ignore it. 22:4 If you see your brother's donkey or ox fallen on the road, you must not ignore it; you must help him lift it up.

    Exodus 23:4–5

    23:4 If thou meet thine enemy’s ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again. 23:5 If thou see the ass of him that hateth thee lying under his burden, and wouldest forbear to help him, thou shalt surely help with him.

    23:4 If you encounter your enemy's stray ox or donkey, you must return it to him. 23:5 If you see the donkey of one who hates you fallen under its load, do not leave it there; you must help him with it.

    Philippians 2:4

    2:4 Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others.

    2:4 Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

Related (2)

The Baptist Catechism (1695), parallel to this question

Question 79

What is required in the eighth commandment?

The eighth commandment requireth the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward estate of ourselves and others.

Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647), parallel to this question

Question 74

What is required in the eighth commandment?

The eighth commandment requireth the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward estate of ourselves and others.

Commentaries (9)