Westminster Larger Catechism (1647), Westminster Assembly

Question 128

What are the sins of inferiors against their superiors?

The sins of inferiors against their superiors are, all neglect of the duties required toward them;a envying at,b contempt of,c and rebelliond against, their personse and places,f in their lawful counsels,g commands, and corrections;h cursing, mocking,i and all such refractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonor to them and their government.j

What are the sins of inferiors against their superiors?

The sins of inferiors against their superiors are, all neglect of the duties required toward them;a envying at,b contempt of,c and rebelliond against, their personse and places,f in their lawful counsels,g commands, and corrections;h cursing, mocking,i and all such refractory and scandalous carriage, as proves a shame and dishonor to them and their government.j

  1. a. Matthew 15:4–6

    Matthew 15:4–6

    15:4 For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death. 15:5 But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; 15:6 And honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition.

    15:4 For God said, 'Honor your father and mother' and 'Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.' 15:5 But you say that if anyone says to his father or mother, 'Whatever you would have received from me is a gift devoted to God,' 15:6 he need not honor his father or mother with it. Thus you nullify the word of God for the sake of your tradition.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  2. b. Numbers 11:28–29

    Numbers 11:28–29

    11:28 And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of Moses, one of his young men, answered and said, My lord Moses, forbid them. 11:29 And Moses said unto him, Enviest thou for my sake? would God that all the Lord’s people were prophets, and that the Lord would put his spirit upon them!

    11:28 Joshua son of Nun, the attendant to Moses since youth, spoke up and said, "Moses, my lord, stop them!" 11:29 But Moses replied, "Are you jealous on my account? I wish that all the LORD's people were prophets and that the LORD would place His Spirit on them!"

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  3. c. 1 Samuel 8:7; Isaiah 3:5

    1 Samuel 8:7

    8:7 And the Lord said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them.

    8:7 And the LORD said to Samuel, "Listen to the voice of the people in all that they say to you. For it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected Me as their king.

    Isaiah 3:5

    3:5 And the people shall be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbour: the child shall behave himself proudly against the ancient, and the base against the honourable.

    3:5 The people will oppress one another, man against man, neighbor against neighbor; the young will rise up against the old, and the base against the honorable.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  4. d. 2 Samuel 15:1–12

    2 Samuel 15:1–12

    15:1 And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him. 15:2 And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel. 15:3 And Absalom said unto him, See, thy matters are good and right; but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee. 15:4 Absalom said moreover, Oh that I were made judge in the land, that every man which hath any suit or cause might come unto me, and I would do him justice! 15:5 And it was so, that when any man came nigh to him to do him obeisance, he put forth his hand, and took him, and kissed him. 15:6 And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel that came to the king for judgment: so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel. 15:7 And it came to pass after forty years, that Absalom said unto the king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed unto the Lord, in Hebron. 15:8 For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria, saying, If the Lord shall bring me again indeed to Jerusalem, then I will serve the Lord. 15:9 And the king said unto him, Go in peace. So he arose, and went to Hebron. 15:10 But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall say, Absalom reigneth in Hebron. 15:11 And with Absalom went two hundred men out of Jerusalem, that were called; and they went in their simplicity, and they knew not any thing. 15:12 And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David’s counsellor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he offered sacrifices. And the conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with Absalom.

    15:1 Some time later, Absalom provided for himself a chariot with horses and fifty men to run ahead of him. 15:2 He would get up early and stand beside the road leading to the city gate. Whenever anyone had a grievance to bring before the king for a decision, Absalom would call out and ask, "What city are you from?" And if he replied, "Your servant is from one of the tribes of Israel," 15:3 Absalom would say, "Look, your claims are good and right, but the king has no deputy to hear you." 15:4 And he would add, "If only someone would appoint me judge in the land, then everyone with a grievance or dispute could come to me, and I would give him justice." 15:5 Also, when anyone approached to bow down to him, Absalom would reach out his hand, take hold of him, and kiss him. 15:6 Absalom did this to all the Israelites who came to the king for justice. In this way he stole the hearts of the men of Israel. 15:7 After four years had passed, Absalom said to the king, "Please let me go to Hebron to fulfill a vow I have made to the LORD. 15:8 For your servant made a vow while dwelling in Geshur of Aram, saying: 'If indeed the LORD brings me back to Jerusalem, I will worship the LORD in Hebron.'" 15:9 "Go in peace," said the king. So Absalom got up and went to Hebron. 15:10 Then Absalom sent spies throughout the tribes of Israel with this message: "When you hear the sound of the horn, you are to say, 'Absalom reigns in Hebron!'" 15:11 Two hundred men from Jerusalem accompanied Absalom. They had been invited as guests and they went along innocently, for they knew nothing about the matter. 15:12 While Absalom was offering the sacrifices, he sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David's counselor, to come from his hometown of Giloh. So the conspiracy gained strength, and Absalom's following kept increasing.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  5. e. Exodus 21:15

    Exodus 21:15

    21:15 And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.

    21:15 Whoever strikes his father or mother must surely be put to death.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  6. f. 1 Samuel 10:27

    1 Samuel 10:27

    10:27 But the children of Belial said, How shall this man save us? And they despised him, and brought him no presents. But he held his peace.

    10:27 But some worthless men said, "How can this man save us?" So they despised him and brought him no gifts; but Saul remained silent about it.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  7. g. 1 Samuel 2:25

    1 Samuel 2:25

    2:25 If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the Lord, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the Lord would slay them.

    2:25 If a man sins against another man, God can intercede for him; but if a man sins against the LORD, who can intercede for him?" But they would not listen to their father, since the LORD intended to put them to death.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  8. h. Deuteronomy 21:18–21

    Deuteronomy 21:18–21

    21:18 If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, and that, when they have chastened him, will not hearken unto them: 21:19 Then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out unto the elders of his city, and unto the gate of his place; 21:20 And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton, and a drunkard. 21:21 And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he die: so shalt thou put evil away from among you; and all Israel shall hear, and fear.

    21:18 If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who does not obey his father and mother and does not listen to them when disciplined, 21:19 his father and mother are to lay hold of him and bring him to the elders of his city, to the gate of his hometown, 21:20 and say to the elders, "This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious; he does not obey us. He is a glutton and a drunkard." 21:21 Then all the men of his city will stone him to death. So you must purge the evil from among you, and all Israel will hear and be afraid.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  9. i. Proverbs 30:11, 17

    Proverbs 30:11; Proverbs 30:17

    30:11 There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not bless their mother. 30:17 The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.

    30:11 There is a generation of those who curse their fathers and do not bless their mothers. 30:17 As for the eye that mocks a father and scorns obedience to a mother, may the ravens of the valley pluck it out and young vultures devour it.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  10. j. Proverbs 19:26

    Proverbs 19:26

    19:26 He that wasteth his father, and chaseth away his mother, is a son that causeth shame, and bringeth reproach.

    19:26 He who assaults his father or evicts his mother is a son who brings shame and disgrace.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

Related (2)

The Baptist Catechism (1695), parallel to this question

Question 70

What is forbidden in the fifth commandment?

The fifth commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing any thing against the honour and duty which belongeth to every one in their several places and relations.

Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647), parallel to this question

Question 64

What is required in the fifth commandment?

The fifth commandment requireth the preserving the honor, and performing the duties, belonging to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.

Commentaries (9)