Westminster Larger Catechism (1647), Westminster Assembly

Question 127

What is the honor that inferiors owe to their superiors?

The honor which inferiors owe to their superiors is, all due reverence in heart,a word,b and behavior;c prayer and thanksgiving for them;d imitation of their virtues and graces;e willing obedience to their lawful commands and counsels;f due submission to their corrections;g fidelity to,h defensei and maintenance of their persons and authority, according to their several ranks, and the nature of their places;j bearing with their infirmities, and covering them in love,k that so they may be an honor to them and to their government.l

What is the honor that inferiors owe to their superiors?

The honor which inferiors owe to their superiors is, all due reverence in heart,a word,b and behavior;c prayer and thanksgiving for them;d imitation of their virtues and graces;e willing obedience to their lawful commands and counsels;f due submission to their corrections;g fidelity to,h defensei and maintenance of their persons and authority, according to their several ranks, and the nature of their places;j bearing with their infirmities, and covering them in love,k that so they may be an honor to them and to their government.l

  1. a. Malachi 1:6; Leviticus 19:3

    Malachi 1:6

    1:6 A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master: if then I be a father, where is mine honour? and if I be a master, where is my fear? saith the Lord of hosts unto you, O priests, that despise my name. And ye say, Wherein have we despised thy name?

    1:6 "A son honors his father, and a servant his master. But if I am a father, where is My honor? And if I am a master, where is your fear of Me?" says the LORD of Hosts to you priests who despise My name. "But you ask, 'How have we despised Your name?'

    Leviticus 19:3

    19:3 Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father, and keep my sabbaths: I am the Lord your God.

    19:3 Each of you must respect his mother and father, and you must keep My Sabbaths. I am the LORD your God.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  2. b. Proverbs 31:28

    Proverbs 31:28

    31:28 Her children arise up, and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praiseth her.

    31:28 Her children rise up and call her blessed; her husband praises her as well:

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  3. c. Leviticus 19:32; 1 Kings 2:19

    Leviticus 19:32

    19:32 Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honour the face of the old man, and fear thy God: I am the Lord.

    19:32 You are to rise in the presence of the elderly, honor the aged, and fear your God. I am the LORD.

    1 Kings 2:19

    2:19 Bath–sheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king’s mother; and she sat on his right hand.

    2:19 So Bathsheba went to King Solomon to speak to him for Adonijah. The king stood up to greet her, bowed to her, and sat down on his throne. Then the king had a throne brought for his mother, who sat down at his right hand.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  4. d. 1 Timothy 2:1–2

    1 Timothy 2:1–2

    2:1 I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; 2:2 For kings, and for all that are in authority; that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty.

    2:1 First of all, then, I urge that petitions, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgiving be offered for everyone- 2:2 for kings and all those in authority-so that we may lead tranquil and quiet lives in all godliness and dignity.

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  5. e. Hebrews 13:7; Philippians 3:17

    Hebrews 13:7

    13:7 Remember them which have the rule over you, who have spoken unto you the word of God: whose faith follow, considering the end of their conversation.

    13:7 Remember your leaders who spoke the word of God to you. Consider the outcome of their way of life and imitate their faith.

    Philippians 3:17

    3:17 Brethren, be followers together of me, and mark them which walk so as ye have us for an ensample.

    3:17 Join one another in following my example, brothers, and carefully observe those who walk according to the pattern we set for you.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  6. f. Ephesians 6:1–2, 6–7; 1 Peter 2:13–14; Romans 13:1–5; Hebrews 13:17; Proverbs 4:3–4; 23:22; Exodus 18:19, 24

    Ephesians 6:1–2; Ephesians 6:6–7

    6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right. 6:2 Honour thy father and mother; (which is the first commandment with promise;) 6:6 Not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart; 6:7 With good will doing service, as to the Lord, and not to men:

    6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 6:2 "Honor your father and mother" (which is the first commandment with a promise), 6:6 And do this not only to please them while they are watching, but as servants of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. 6:7 Serve with good will, as to the Lord and not to men,

    1 Peter 2:13–14

    2:13 Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme; 2:14 Or unto governors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well.

    2:13 Submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every human institution, whether to the king as the supreme authority, 2:14 or to governors as those sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to praise those who do right.

    Romans 13:1–5

    13:1 Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God. 13:2 Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. 13:3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same: 13:4 For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. 13:5 Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake.

    13:1 Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. 13:2 Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. 13:3 For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Then do what is right, and you will have his approval. 13:4 For he is God's servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not carry the sword in vain. He is God's servant, an agent of retribution to the wrongdoer. 13:5 Therefore it is necessary to submit to authority, not only to avoid punishment, but also as a matter of conscience.

    Hebrews 13:17

    13:17 Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you.

    13:17 Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they watch over your souls as those who must give an account. To this end, allow them to lead with joy and not with grief, for that would be of no advantage to you.

    Proverbs 4:3–4

    4:3 For I was my father’s son, tender and only beloved in the sight of my mother. 4:4 He taught me also, and said unto me, Let thine heart retain my words: keep my commandments, and live.

    4:3 When I was a son to my father, tender and the only child of my mother, 4:4 he taught me and said, "Let your heart lay hold of my words; keep my commands and you will live.

    Proverbs 23:22

    23:22 Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.

    23:22 Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.

    Exodus 18:19; Exodus 18:24

    18:19 Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God shall be with thee: Be thou for the people to God-ward, that thou mayest bring the causes unto God: 18:24 So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father in law, and did all that he had said.

    18:19 Now listen to me; I will give you some advice, and may God be with you. You must be the people's representative before God and bring their causes to Him. 18:24 Moses listened to his father-in-law and did everything he said.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  7. g. Hebrews 12:9; 1 Peter 2:18–20

    Hebrews 12:9

    12:9 Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live?

    12:9 Furthermore, we have all had earthly fathers who disciplined us, and we respected them. Should we not much more submit to the Father of our spirits and live?

    1 Peter 2:18–20

    2:18 Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. 2:19 For this is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully. 2:20 For what glory is it, if, when ye be buffeted for your faults, ye shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, ye take it patiently, this is acceptable with God.

    2:18 Servants, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and gentle, but even to those who are unreasonable. 2:19 For if anyone endures the pain of unjust suffering because he is conscious of God, this is to be commended. 2:20 How is it to your credit if you are beaten for doing wrong and you endure it? But if you suffer for doing good and you endure it, this is commendable before God.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  8. h. Titus 2:9–10

    Titus 2:9–10

    2:9 Exhort servants to be obedient unto their own masters, and to please them well in all things; not answering again; 2:10 Not purloining, but shewing all good fidelity; that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things.

    2:9 Slaves are to submit to their own masters in everything, to be well-pleasing, not argumentative, 2:10 not stealing from them, but showing all good faith, so that in every respect they will adorn the teaching about God our Savior.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  9. i. 1 Samuel 26:15–16; 2 Samuel 18:3; Esther 6:2

    1 Samuel 26:15–16

    26:15 And David said to Abner, Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord. 26:16 This thing is not good that thou hast done. As the Lord liveth, ye are worthy to die, because ye have not kept your master, the Lord’s anointed. And now see where the king’s spear is, and the cruse of water that was at his bolster.

    26:15 So David said to Abner, "You are a man, aren't you? And who in Israel is your equal? Why then did you not protect your lord the king when one of the people came to destroy him? 26:16 This thing you have done is not good. As surely as the LORD lives, all of you deserve to die, since you did not protect your lord, the LORD's anointed. Now look around. Where are the king's spear and water jug that were by his head?"

    2 Samuel 18:3

    18:3 But the people answered, Thou shalt not go forth: for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us: but now thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou succour us out of the city.

    18:3 But the people pleaded, "You must not go out! For if we have to flee, they will pay no attention to us. Even if half of us die, they will not care; but you are worth ten thousand of us. It is better for now if you support us from the city."

    Esther 6:2

    6:2 And it was found written, that Mordecai had told of Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king’s chamberlains, the keepers of the door, who sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus.

    6:2 And there it was found recorded that Mordecai had exposed Bigthana and Teresh, two of the eunuchs who guarded the king's entrance, when they had conspired to assassinate King Xerxes.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  10. j. Matthew 22:21; Romans 13:6–7; 1 Timothy 5:17–18; Galatians 6:6; Genesis 45:11; 47:12

    Matthew 22:21

    22:21 They say unto him, Cæsar’s. Then saith he unto them, Render therefore unto Cæsar the things which are Cæsar’s; and unto God the things that are God’s.

    22:21 "Caesar's," they answered. So Jesus told them, "Give to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's."

    Romans 13:6–7

    13:6 For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God’s ministers, attending continually upon this very thing. 13:7 Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.

    13:6 This is also why you pay taxes. For the authorities are God's servants, who devote themselves to their work. 13:7 Pay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

    1 Timothy 5:17–18

    5:17 Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine. 5:18 For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward.

    5:17 Elders who lead effectively are worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching. 5:18 For the Scripture says, "Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain," and, "The worker is worthy of his wages."

    Galatians 6:6

    6:6 Let him that is taught in the word communicate unto him that teacheth in all good things.

    6:6 Nevertheless, the one who receives instruction in the word must share in all good things with his instructor.

    Genesis 45:11

    45:11 And there will I nourish thee; for yet there are five years of famine; lest thou, and thy household, and all that thou hast, come to poverty.

    45:11 And there I will provide for you, because there will be five more years of famine. Otherwise, you and your household and everything you own will come to destitution.'

    Genesis 47:12

    47:12 And Joseph nourished his father, and his brethren, and all his father’s household, with bread, according to their families.

    47:12 Joseph also provided his father and brothers and all his father's household with food for their families.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  11. k. 1 Peter 2:18; Proverbs 23:22; Genesis 9:23

    1 Peter 2:18

    2:18 Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.

    2:18 Servants, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and gentle, but even to those who are unreasonable.

    Proverbs 23:22

    23:22 Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.

    23:22 Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.

    Genesis 9:23

    9:23 And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father’s nakedness.

    9:23 Then Shem and Japheth took a garment and placed it across their shoulders, and walking backward, they covered their father's nakedness. Their faces were turned away so that they did not see their father's nakedness.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  12. l. Psalm 127:3–5; Proverbs 31:23

    Psalm 127:3–5

    127:3 Lo, children are an heritage of the Lord: and the fruit of the womb is his reward. 127:4 As arrows are in the hand of a mighty man; so are children of the youth. 127:5 Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them: they shall not be ashamed, but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate.

    127:3 Children are indeed a heritage from the LORD, and the fruit of the womb is His reward. 127:4 Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are children born in one's youth. 127:5 Blessed is the man whose quiver is full of them. He will not be put to shame when he confronts the enemies at the gate.

    Proverbs 31:23

    31:23 Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth among the elders of the land.

    31:23 Her husband is known at the city gate, where he sits among the elders of the land.

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Related (2)

The Baptist Catechism (1695), parallel to this question

Question 69

What is required in the fifth commandment?

The fifth commandment requireth the preserving the honour and performing the duties belonging to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.

Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647), parallel to this question

Question 64

What is required in the fifth commandment?

The fifth commandment requireth the preserving the honor, and performing the duties, belonging to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors, inferiors, or equals.

Commentaries (9)