Westminster Larger Catechism (1647), Westminster Assembly

Question 130

What are the sins of superiors?

The sins of superiors are, besides the neglect of the duties required of them,a an inordinate seeking of themselves,b their own glory,c ease, profit, or pleasure;d commanding things unlawful,e or not in the power of inferiors to perform;f counseling,g encouraging,h or favoring them in that which is evil;i dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good;j correcting them unduly;k careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong, temptation, and danger;l provoking them to wrath;m or any way dishonoring themselves, or lessening their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous, or remiss behavior.n

What are the sins of superiors?

The sins of superiors are, besides the neglect of the duties required of them,a an inordinate seeking of themselves,b their own glory,c ease, profit, or pleasure;d commanding things unlawful,e or not in the power of inferiors to perform;f counseling,g encouraging,h or favoring them in that which is evil;i dissuading, discouraging, or discountenancing them in that which is good;j correcting them unduly;k careless exposing, or leaving them to wrong, temptation, and danger;l provoking them to wrath;m or any way dishonoring themselves, or lessening their authority, by an unjust, indiscreet, rigorous, or remiss behavior.n

  1. a. Ezekiel 34:2–4

    Ezekiel 34:2–4

    34:2 Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God unto the shepherds; Woe be to the shepherds of Israel that do feed themselves! should not the shepherds feed the flocks? 34:3 Ye eat the fat, and ye clothe you with the wool, ye kill them that are fed: but ye feed not the flock. 34:4 The diseased have ye not strengthened, neither have ye healed that which was sick, neither have ye bound up that which was broken, neither have ye brought again that which was driven away, neither have ye sought that which was lost; but with force and with cruelty have ye ruled them.

    34:2 "Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy and tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: 'Woe to the shepherds of Israel, who only feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed their flock? 34:3 You eat the fat, wear the wool, and butcher the fattened sheep, but you do not feed the flock. 34:4 You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bound up the injured, brought back the strays, or searched for the lost. Instead, you have ruled them with violence and cruelty.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  2. b. Philippians 2:21

    Philippians 2:21

    2:21 For all seek their own, not the things which are Jesus Christ’s.

    2:21 For all the others look after their own interests, not those of Jesus Christ.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  3. c. John 5:44; 7:18

    John 5:44

    5:44 How can ye believe, which receive honour one of another, and seek not the honour that cometh from God only?

    5:44 How can you believe if you accept glory from one another, yet do not seek the glory that comes from the only God?

    John 7:18

    7:18 He that speaketh of himself seeketh his own glory: but he that seeketh his glory that sent him, the same is true, and no unrighteousness is in him.

    7:18 He who speaks on his own authority seeks his own glory, but He who seeks the glory of the One who sent Him is a man of truth; in Him there is no falsehood.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  4. d. Isaiah 56:10–11; Deuteronomy 17:17

    Isaiah 56:10–11

    56:10 His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. 56:11 Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter.

    56:10 Israel's watchmen are blind, they are all oblivious; they are all mute dogs, they cannot bark; they are dreamers lying around, loving to slumber. 56:11 Like ravenous dogs, they are never satisfied. They are shepherds with no discernment; they all turn to their own way, each one seeking his own gain:

    Deuteronomy 17:17

    17:17 Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold.

    17:17 He must not take many wives for himself, lest his heart go astray. He must not accumulate for himself large amounts of silver and gold.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  5. e. Daniel 3:4–6; Acts 4:17–18

    Daniel 3:4–6

    3:4 Then an herald cried aloud, To you it is commanded, O people, nations, and languages, 3:5 That at what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king hath set up: 3:6 And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth shall the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace.

    3:4 Then the herald loudly proclaimed, "O people of every nation and language, this is what you are commanded: 3:5 As soon as you hear the sound of the horn, flute, zither, lyre, harp, pipes, and all kinds of music, you must fall down and worship the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar has set up. 3:6 And whoever does not fall down and worship will immediately be thrown into the blazing fiery furnace."

    Acts 4:17–18

    4:17 But that it spread no further among the people, let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in this name. 4:18 And they called them, and commanded them not to speak at all nor teach in the name of Jesus.

    4:17 But to keep this message from spreading any further among the people, we must warn them not to speak to anyone in this name." 4:18 Then they called them in again and commanded them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  6. f. Exodus 5:10–18; Matthew 23:2, 4

    Exodus 5:10–18

    5:10 And the taskmasters of the people went out, and their officers, and they spake to the people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoh, I will not give you straw. 5:11 Go ye, get you straw where ye can find it: yet not ought of your work shall be diminished. 5:12 So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw. 5:13 And the taskmasters hasted them, saying, Fulfil your works, your daily tasks, as when there was straw. 5:14 And the officers of the children of Israel, which Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and demanded, Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and to day, as heretofore? 5:15 Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants? 5:16 There is no straw given unto thy servants, and they say to us, Make brick: and, behold, thy servants are beaten; but the fault is in thine own people. 5:17 But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, Let us go and do sacrifice to the Lord. 5:18 Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you, yet shall ye deliver the tale of bricks.

    5:10 So the taskmasters and foremen of the people went out and said to them, "This is what Pharaoh says: 'I am no longer giving you straw. 5:11 Go and get your own straw wherever you can find it; but your workload will in no way be reduced.'" 5:12 So the people scattered all over the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. 5:13 The taskmasters kept pressing them, saying, "Fulfill your quota each day, just as you did when straw was provided." 5:14 Then the Israelite foremen, whom Pharaoh's taskmasters had set over the people, were beaten and asked, "Why have you not fulfilled your quota of bricks yesterday or today, as you did before?" 5:15 So the Israelite foremen went and appealed to Pharaoh: "Why are you treating your servants this way? 5:16 No straw has been given to your servants, yet we are told, 'Make bricks!' Look, your servants are being beaten, but the fault is with your own people." 5:17 "You are slackers!" Pharaoh replied. "Slackers! That is why you keep saying, 'Let us go and sacrifice to the LORD.' 5:18 Now get to work. You will be given no straw, yet you must deliver the full quota of bricks."

    Matthew 23:2; Matthew 23:4

    23:2 Saying, The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat: 23:4 For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men’s shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.

    23:2 "The scribes and Pharisees sit in Moses' seat. 23:4 They tie up heavy, burdensome loads and lay them on men's shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  7. g. Matthew 14:8; Mark 6:24

    Matthew 14:8

    14:8 And she, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist’s head in a charger.

    14:8 Prompted by her mother, she said, "Give me here on a platter the head of John the Baptist."

    Mark 6:24

    6:24 And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? And she said, The head of John the Baptist.

    6:24 Then she went out and asked her mother, "What should I request?" And her mother answered, "The head of John the Baptist."

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  8. h. 2 Samuel 13:28

    2 Samuel 13:28

    13:28 Now Absalom had commanded his servants, saying, Mark ye now when Amnon’s heart is merry with wine, and when I say unto you, Smite Amnon; then kill him, fear not: have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.

    13:28 Now Absalom had ordered his young men, "Watch Amnon until his heart is merry with wine, and when I order you to strike Amnon down, you are to kill him. Do not be afraid. Have I not commanded you? Be courageous and valiant!"

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  9. i. 1 Samuel 3:13

    1 Samuel 3:13

    3:13 For I have told him that I will judge his house for ever for the iniquity which he knoweth; because his sons made themselves vile, and he restrained them not.

    3:13 I told him that I would judge his house forever for the iniquity of which he knows, because his sons blasphemed God and he did not restrain them.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  10. j. John 7:46–49; Exodus 5:17

    John 7:46–49

    7:46 The officers answered, Never man spake like this man. 7:47 Then answered them the Pharisees, Are ye also deceived? 7:48 Have any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed on him? 7:49 But this people who knoweth not the law are cursed.

    7:46 "Never has anyone spoken like this man!" the officers answered. 7:47 "Have you also been deceived?" replied the Pharisees. 7:48 "Have any of the rulers or Pharisees believed in Him? 7:49 But this crowd that does not know the law, they are under a curse."

    Exodus 5:17

    5:17 But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, Let us go and do sacrifice to the Lord.

    5:17 "You are slackers!" Pharaoh replied. "Slackers! That is why you keep saying, 'Let us go and sacrifice to the LORD.'

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  11. k. 1 Peter 2:18–20; Hebrews 12:10; Deuteronomy 25:3

    1 Peter 2:18–20

    2:18 Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. 2:19 For this is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully. 2:20 For what glory is it, if, when ye be buffeted for your faults, ye shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, ye take it patiently, this is acceptable with God.

    2:18 Servants, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and gentle, but even to those who are unreasonable. 2:19 For if anyone endures the pain of unjust suffering because he is conscious of God, this is to be commended. 2:20 How is it to your credit if you are beaten for doing wrong and you endure it? But if you suffer for doing good and you endure it, this is commendable before God.

    Hebrews 12:10

    12:10 For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness.

    12:10 Our fathers disciplined us for a short time as they thought best, but God disciplines us for our good, so that we may share in His holiness.

    Deuteronomy 25:3

    25:3 Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed: lest, if he should exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then thy brother should seem vile unto thee.

    25:3 He may receive no more than forty lashes, lest your brother be beaten any more than that and be degraded in your sight.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  12. l. Genesis 38:11, 26; Acts 18:17

    Genesis 38:11; Genesis 38:26

    38:11 Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father’s house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father’s house. 38:26 And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.

    38:11 Then Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, "Live as a widow in your father's house until my son Shelah grows up." For he thought, "He may die too, like his brothers." So Tamar went to live in her father's house. 38:26 Judah recognized the items and said, "She is more righteous than I, since I did not give her to my son Shelah." And he did not have relations with her again.

    Acts 18:17

    18:17 Then all the Greeks took Sosthenes, the chief ruler of the synagogue, and beat him before the judgment seat. And Gallio cared for none of those things.

    18:17 At this, the crowd seized Sosthenes the synagogue leader and beat him in front of the judgment seat. But none of this was of concern to Gallio.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  13. m. Ephesians 6:4

    Ephesians 6:4

    6:4 And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.

    6:4 Fathers, do not provoke your children to wrath; instead, bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  14. n. Genesis 9:21; 1 Kings 12:13–16; 1:6; 1 Samuel 2:29–31

    Genesis 9:21

    9:21 And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.

    9:21 But when he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent.

    1 Kings 12:13–16

    12:13 And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old men’s counsel that they gave him; 12:14 And spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father also chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. 12:15 Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause was from the Lord, that he might perform his saying, which the Lord spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat. 12:16 So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents.

    12:13 And the king answered the people harshly. He rejected the advice of the elders 12:14 and spoke to them as the young men had advised, saying, "Whereas my father made your yoke heavy, I will add to your yoke. Whereas my father scourged you with whips, I will scourge you with scorpions." 12:15 So the king did not listen to the people, and indeed this turn of events was from the LORD, to fulfill the word He had spoken to Jeroboam son of Nebat through Ahijah the Shilonite. 12:16 When all Israel saw that the king had refused to listen to them, they answered the king: "What portion do we have in David, and what inheritance in the son of Jesse? To your tents, O Israel! Look now to your own house, O David!" So the Israelites went home,

    1 Kings 1:6

    1:6 And his father had not displeased him at any time in saying, Why hast thou done so? and he also was a very goodly man; and his mother bare him after Absalom.

    1:6 (His father had never once reprimanded him by saying, "Why do you act this way?" Adonijah was also very handsome, born next after Absalom.)

    1 Samuel 2:29–31

    2:29 Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice and at mine offering, which I have commanded in my habitation; and honourest thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the offerings of Israel my people? 2:30 Wherefore the Lord God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the Lord saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed. 2:31 Behold, the days come, that I will cut off thine arm, and the arm of thy father’s house, that there shall not be an old man in thine house.

    2:29 Why then do you kick at My sacrifice and offering that I have prescribed for My dwelling place? You have honored your sons more than Me by fattening yourselves with the best of all the offerings of My people Israel.' 2:30 Therefore, the LORD, the God of Israel, declares: 'I did indeed say that your house and the house of your father would walk before Me forever. But now the LORD declares: Far be it from Me! For I will honor those who honor Me, but those who despise Me will be disdained. 2:31 Behold, the days are coming when I will cut off your strength and the strength of your father's house, so that no older man will be left in your house.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

Related (2)

The Baptist Catechism (1695), parallel to this question

Question 70

What is forbidden in the fifth commandment?

The fifth commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing any thing against the honour and duty which belongeth to every one in their several places and relations.

Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647), parallel to this question

Question 65

What is forbidden in the fifth commandment?

The fifth commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing anything against, the honor and duty which belongeth to every one in their several places and relations.

Commentaries (9)