Westminster Larger Catechism (1647), Westminster Assembly

Question 108

What are the duties required in the second commandment?

The duties required in the second commandment are, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath instituted in his word;a particularly prayer and thanksgiving in the name of Christ;b the reading, preaching, and hearing of the word;c the administration and receiving of the sacraments;d church government and discipline;e the ministry and maintenance thereof;f religious fasting;g swearing by the name of God,h and vowing unto him:i as also the disapproving, detesting, opposing, all false worship;j and, according to each one’s place and calling, removing it, and all monuments of idolatry.k

What are the duties required in the second commandment?

The duties required in the second commandment are, the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God has instituted in his word;a particularly prayer and thanksgiving in the name of Christ;b the reading, preaching, and hearing of the word;c the administration and receiving of the sacraments;d church government and discipline;e the ministry and maintenance thereof;f religious fasting;g swearing by the name of God,h and vowing unto him:i as also the disapproving, detesting, opposing, all false worship;j and, according to each one’s place and calling, removing it, and all monuments of idolatry.k

  1. a. Deuteronomy 32:46–47; Matthew 28:20; Acts 2:42; 1 Timothy 6:13–14

    Deuteronomy 32:46–47

    32:46 And he said unto them, Set your hearts unto all the words which I testify among you this day, which ye shall command your children to observe to do, all the words of this law. 32:47 For it is not a vain thing for you; because it is your life: and through this thing ye shall prolong your days in the land, whither ye go over Jordan to possess it.

    32:46 he said to them, "Take to heart all these words I testify among you today, so that you may command your children to carefully follow all the words of this law. 32:47 For they are not idle words to you, because they are your life, and by them you will live long in the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess."

    Matthew 28:20

    28:20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.

    28:20 and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, even to the end of the age."

    Acts 2:42

    2:42 And they continued stedfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers.

    2:42 They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer.

    1 Timothy 6:13–14

    6:13 I give thee charge in the sight of God, who quickeneth all things, and before Christ Jesus, who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a good confession; 6:14 That thou keep this commandment without spot, unrebukeable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ:

    6:13 I charge you in the presence of God, who gives life to all things, and of Christ Jesus, who made the good confession in His testimony before Pontius Pilate: 6:14 Keep this commandment without stain or reproach until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ,

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  2. b. Philippians 4:6; Ephesians 5:20

    Philippians 4:6

    4:6 Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God.

    4:6 Be anxious for nothing, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God.

    Ephesians 5:20

    5:20 Giving thanks always for all things unto God and the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ;

    5:20 always giving thanks to God the Father for everything in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  3. c. Deuteronomy 17:18–19; Acts 15:21; 2 Timothy 4:2; James 1:21–22

    Deuteronomy 17:18–19

    17:18 And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write him a copy of this law in a book out of that which is before the priests the Levites: 17:19 And it shall be with him, and he shall read therein all the days of his life: that he may learn to fear the Lord his God, to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to do them:

    17:18 When he is seated on his royal throne, he must write for himself a copy of this instruction on a scroll in the presence of the Levitical priests. 17:19 It is to remain with him, and he is to read from it all the days of his life, so that he may learn to fear the LORD his God by carefully observing all the words of this instruction and these statutes.

    Acts 15:21

    15:21 For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day.

    15:21 For Moses has been proclaimed in every city from ancient times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath."

    2 Timothy 4:2

    4:2 Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine.

    4:2 Preach the word; be prepared in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, and encourage with every form of patient instruction.

    James 1:21–22

    1:21 Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls. 1:22 But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your own selves.

    1:21 Therefore, get rid of all moral filth and every expression of evil, and humbly accept the word planted in you, which can save your souls. 1:22 Be doers of the word, and not hearers only. Otherwise, you are deceiving yourselves.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  4. d. Matthew 28:19; 1 Corinthians 11:23–30

    Matthew 28:19

    28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:

    28:19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,

    1 Corinthians 11:23–30

    11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: 11:24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. 11:25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. 11:26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come. 11:27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 11:28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. 11:29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body. 11:30 For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many sleep.

    11:23 For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you: The Lord Jesus, on the night He was betrayed, took bread, 11:24 and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, "This is My body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of Me." 11:25 In the same way, after supper He took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me." 11:26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until He comes. 11:27 Therefore, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord. 11:28 Each one must examine himself before he eats of the bread and drinks of the cup. 11:29 For anyone who eats and drinks without recognizing the body eats and drinks judgment on himself. 11:30 That is why many among you are weak and sick, and a number of you have fallen asleep.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  5. e. Matthew 18:15–17; 1 Corinthians 5; 12:28

    Matthew 18:15–17

    18:15 Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. 18:16 But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. 18:17 And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican.

    18:15 If your brother sins against you, go and confront him privately. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over. 18:16 But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that 'every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.' 18:17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, regard him as you would a pagan or a tax collector.

    1 Corinthians 5

    5:1 It is reported commonly that there is fornication among you, and such fornication as is not so much as named among the Gentiles, that one should have his father’s wife. 5:2 And ye are puffed up, and have not rather mourned, that he that hath done this deed might be taken away from among you. 5:3 For I verily, as absent in body, but present in spirit, have judged already, as though I were present, concerning him that hath so done this deed, 5:4 In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when ye are gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ, 5:5 To deliver such an one unto Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus. 5:6 Your glorying is not good. Know ye not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump? 5:7 Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us: 5:8 Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. 5:9 I wrote unto you in an epistle not to company with fornicators: 5:10 Yet not altogether with the fornicators of this world, or with the covetous, or extortioners, or with idolaters; for then must ye needs go out of the world. 5:11 But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such an one no not to eat. 5:12 For what have I to do to judge them also that are without? do not ye judge them that are within? 5:13 But them that are without God judgeth. Therefore put away from among yourselves that wicked person.

    5:1 It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you, and of a kind that is intolerable even among pagans: A man has his father's wife. 5:2 And you are proud! Shouldn't you rather have been stricken with grief and have removed from your fellowship the man who did this? 5:3 Although I am absent from you in body, I am present with you in spirit, and I have already pronounced judgment on the one who did this, just as if I were present. 5:4 When you are assembled in the name of our Lord Jesus and I am with you in spirit, along with the power of the Lord Jesus, 5:5 hand this man over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, so that his spirit may be saved on the Day of the Lord. 5:6 Your boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven works through the whole batch of dough? 5:7 Get rid of the old leaven, that you may be a new unleavened batch, as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. 5:8 Therefore let us keep the feast, not with the old bread, leavened with malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and of truth. 5:9 I wrote you in my letter not to associate with sexually immoral people. 5:10 I was not including the sexually immoral of this world, or the greedy and swindlers, or idolaters. In that case you would have to leave this world. 5:11 But now I am writing you not to associate with anyone who claims to be a brother but is sexually immoral or greedy, an idolater or a verbal abuser, a drunkard or a swindler. With such a man do not even eat. 5:12 What business of mine is it to judge those outside the church? Are you not to judge those inside? 5:13 God will judge those outside. "Expel the wicked man from among you."

    1 Corinthians 12:28

    12:28 And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues.

    12:28 And in the church God has appointed first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, and those with gifts of healing, helping, administration, and various tongues.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  6. f. Ephesians 4:11–12; 1 Timothy 5:17–18; 1 Corinthians 9:7–15

    Ephesians 4:11–12

    4:11 And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; 4:12 For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ:

    4:11 And it was He who gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers, 4:12 to equip the saints for works of ministry and to build up the body of Christ,

    1 Timothy 5:17–18

    5:17 Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine. 5:18 For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward.

    5:17 Elders who lead effectively are worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching. 5:18 For the Scripture says, "Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain," and, "The worker is worthy of his wages."

    1 Corinthians 9:7–15

    9:7 Who goeth a warfare any time at his own charges? who planteth a vineyard, and eateth not of the fruit thereof? or who feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk of the flock? 9:8 Say I these things as a man? or saith not the law the same also? 9:9 For it is written in the law of Moses, Thou shalt not muzzle the mouth of the ox that treadeth out the corn. Doth God take care for oxen? 9:10 Or saith he it altogether for our sakes? For our sakes, no doubt, this is written: that he that ploweth should plow in hope; and that he that thresheth in hope should be partaker of his hope. 9:11 If we have sown unto you spiritual things, is it a great thing if we shall reap your carnal things? 9:12 If others be partakers of this power over you, are not we rather? Nevertheless we have not used this power; but suffer all things, lest we should hinder the gospel of Christ. 9:13 Do ye not know that they which minister about holy things live of the things of the temple? and they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar? 9:14 Even so hath the Lord ordained that they which preach the gospel should live of the gospel. 9:15 But I have used none of these things: neither have I written these things, that it should be so done unto me: for it were better for me to die, than that any man should make my glorying void.

    9:7 Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not drink of its milk? 9:8 Do I say this from a human perspective? Doesn't the Law say the same thing? 9:9 For it is written in the Law of Moses: "Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain." Is it about oxen that God is concerned? 9:10 Isn't He actually speaking on our behalf? Indeed, this was written for us, because when the plowman plows and the thresher threshes, they should also expect to share in the harvest. 9:11 If we have sown spiritual seed among you, is it too much for us to reap a material harvest from you? 9:12 If others have this right to your support, shouldn't we have it all the more? But we did not exercise this right. Instead, we put up with anything rather than hinder the gospel of Christ. 9:13 Do you not know that those who work in the temple eat of its food, and those who serve at the altar partake of its offerings? 9:14 In the same way, the Lord has prescribed that those who preach the gospel should receive their living from the gospel. 9:15 But I have not used any of these rights. And I am not writing this to suggest that something be done for me. Indeed, I would rather die than let anyone nullify my boast.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  7. g. Joel 2:12, 18; 1 Corinthians 7:5

    Joel 2:12; Joel 2:18

    2:12 Therefore also now, saith the Lord, turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning: 2:18 Then will the Lord be jealous for his land, and pity his people.

    2:12 "Yet even now," declares the LORD, "return to Me with all your heart, with fasting, weeping, and mourning." 2:18 Then the LORD became jealous for His land, and He spared His people.

    1 Corinthians 7:5

    7:5 Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.

    7:5 Do not deprive each other, except by mutual consent and for a time, so you may devote yourselves to prayer. Then come together again, so that Satan will not tempt you through your lack of self-control.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  8. h. Deuteronomy 6:13

    Deuteronomy 6:13

    6:13 Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God, and serve him, and shalt swear by his name.

    6:13 Fear the LORD your God, serve Him only, and take your oaths in His name.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  9. i. Psalm 76:11

    Psalm 76:11

    76:11 Vow, and pay unto the Lord your God: let all that be round about him bring presents unto him that ought to be feared.

    76:11 Make and fulfill your vows to the LORD your God; let all the neighboring lands bring tribute to Him who is to be feared.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  10. j. Acts 17:16–17; Psalm 16:4

    Acts 17:16–17

    17:16 Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry. 17:17 Therefore disputed he in the synagogue with the Jews, and with the devout persons, and in the market daily with them that met with him.

    17:16 While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was deeply disturbed in his spirit to see that the city was full of idols. 17:17 So he reasoned in the synagogue with the Jews and God-fearing Gentiles, and in the marketplace with those he met each day.

    Psalm 16:4

    16:4 Their sorrows shall be multiplied that hasten after another god: their drink offerings of blood will I not offer, nor take up their names into my lips.

    16:4 Sorrows will multiply to those who chase other gods. I will not pour out their libations of blood, or speak their names with my lips.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  11. k. Deuteronomy 7:5; Isaiah 30:22

    Deuteronomy 7:5

    7:5 But thus shall ye deal with them; ye shall destroy their altars, and break down their images, and cut down their groves, and burn their graven images with fire.

    7:5 Instead, this is what you are to do to them: tear down their altars, smash their sacred pillars, cut down their Asherah poles, and burn their idols in the fire.

    Isaiah 30:22

    30:22 Ye shall defile also the covering of thy graven images of silver, and the ornament of thy molten images of gold: thou shalt cast them away as a menstruous cloth; thou shalt say unto it, Get thee hence.

    30:22 So you will desecrate your silver-plated idols and your gold-plated images. You will throw them away like menstrual cloths, saying to them, "Be gone!"

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

Related (2)

The Baptist Catechism (1695), parallel to this question

Question 55

What is required in the second commandment?

The second commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire all such religious worship and ordinances, as God hath appointed in his word.

Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647), parallel to this question

Question 50

What is required in the second commandment?

The second commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath appointed in his Word.

Commentaries (9)