Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647), Westminster Assembly

Question 60

How is the sabbath to be sanctified?

The sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day,a even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days;b and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship,c except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.d

How is the sabbath to be sanctified?

The sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day,a even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days;b and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship,c except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.d

  1. a. Exodus 20:8; Exodus 20:10

    Exodus 20:8

    20:8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.

    20:8 Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy.

    Exodus 20:10

    20:10 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

    20:10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God, on which you must not do any work-neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant or livestock, nor the foreigner within your gates.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  2. b. Exodus 16:25–28; Nehemiah 13:15–19; Nehemiah 13:21–22

    Exodus 16:25–28

    16:25 And Moses said, Eat that to day; for to day is a sabbath unto the Lord: to day ye shall not find it in the field. 16:26 Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall be none. 16:27 And it came to pass, that there went out some of the people on the seventh day for to gather, and they found none. 16:28 And the Lord said unto Moses, How long refuse ye to keep my commandments and my laws?

    16:25 "Eat it today," Moses said, "because today is a Sabbath to the LORD. Today you will not find anything in the field. 16:26 For six days you may gather, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, it will not be there." 16:27 Yet on the seventh day some of the people went out to gather, but they did not find anything. 16:28 Then the LORD said to Moses, "How long will you refuse to keep My commandments and instructions?

    Nehemiah 13:15–19

    13:15 In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. 13:16 There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem. 13:17 Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day? 13:18 Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath. 13:19 And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and some of my servants set I at the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.

    13:15 In those days I saw people in Judah treading winepresses on the Sabbath and bringing in grain and loading it on donkeys, along with wine, grapes, and figs. All kinds of goods were being brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. So I warned them against selling food on that day. 13:16 Additionally, men of Tyre who lived there were importing fish and all kinds of merchandise and selling them on the Sabbath to the people of Judah in Jerusalem. 13:17 Then I rebuked the nobles of Judah and asked, "What is this evil you are doing-profaning the Sabbath day? 13:18 Did not your forefathers do the same things, so that our God brought all this disaster on us and on this city? And now you are rekindling His wrath against Israel by profaning the Sabbath!" 13:19 When the evening shadows began to fall on the gates of Jerusalem, just before the Sabbath, I ordered that the gates be shut and not opened until after the Sabbath. I posted some of my servants at the gates so that no load could enter on the Sabbath day.

    Nehemiah 13:21–22

    13:21 Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath. 13:22 And I commanded the Levites that they should cleanse themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath day. Remember me, O my God, concerning this also, and spare me according to the greatness of thy mercy.

    13:21 but I warned them, "Why are you camping in front of the wall? If you do it again, I will lay hands on you." From that time on, they did not return on the Sabbath. 13:22 Then I instructed the Levites to purify themselves and guard the gates in order to keep the Sabbath day holy. Remember me for this as well, O my God, and show me mercy according to Your abundant loving devotion.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  3. c. Luke 4:16; Acts 20:7; Psalm 92:title; Isaiah 66:23

    Luke 4:16

    4:16 And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read.

    4:16 Then Jesus came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up. As was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath. And when He stood up to read,

    Acts 20:7

    20:7 And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight.

    20:7 On the first day of the week we came together to break bread. Since Paul was ready to leave the next day, he talked to them and kept on speaking until midnight.

    Psalm 92

    92:1 It is a good thing to give thanks unto the Lord, and to sing praises unto thy name, O most High: 92:2 To shew forth thy lovingkindness in the morning, and thy faithfulness every night, 92:3 Upon an instrument of ten strings, and upon the psaltery; upon the harp with a solemn sound. 92:4 For thou, Lord, hast made me glad through thy work: I will triumph in the works of thy hands. 92:5 O Lord, how great are thy works! and thy thoughts are very deep. 92:6 A brutish man knoweth not; neither doth a fool understand this. 92:7 When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever: 92:8 But thou, Lord, art most high for evermore. 92:9 For, lo, thine enemies, O Lord, for, lo, thine enemies shall perish; all the workers of iniquity shall be scattered. 92:10 But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil. 92:11 Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me. 92:12 The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon. 92:13 Those that be planted in the house of the Lord shall flourish in the courts of our God. 92:14 They shall still bring forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat and flourishing; 92:15 To shew that the Lord is upright: he is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in him.

    92:1 A Psalm. A song for the Sabbath day. It is good to praise the LORD, and to sing praises to Your name, O Most High, 92:2 to proclaim Your loving devotion in the morning and Your faithfulness at night 92:3 with the ten-stringed harp and the melody of the lyre. 92:4 For You, O LORD, have made me glad by Your deeds; I sing for joy at the works of Your hands. 92:5 How great are Your works, O LORD, how deep are Your thoughts! 92:6 A senseless man does not know, and a fool does not understand, 92:7 that though the wicked sprout like grass, and all evildoers flourish, they will be forever destroyed. 92:8 But You, O LORD, are exalted forever! 92:9 For surely Your enemies, O LORD, surely Your enemies will perish; all evildoers will be scattered. 92:10 But You have exalted my horn like that of a wild ox; with fine oil I have been anointed. 92:11 My eyes see the downfall of my enemies; my ears hear the wailing of my wicked foes. 92:12 The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon. 92:13 Planted in the house of the LORD, they will flourish in the courts of our God. 92:14 In old age they will still bear fruit; healthy and green they will remain, 92:15 to proclaim, "The LORD is upright; He is my Rock, and in Him there is no unrighteousness."

    Isaiah 66:23

    66:23 And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the Lord.

    66:23 From one New Moon to another and from one Sabbath to another, all mankind will come to worship before Me," says the LORD.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

  4. d. Matthew 12:1–13

    Matthew 12:1–13

    12:1 At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat. 12:2 But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day. 12:3 But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him; 12:4 How he entered into the house of God, and did eat the shewbread, which was not lawful for him to eat, neither for them which were with him, but only for the priests? 12:5 Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless? 12:6 But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the temple. 12:7 But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless. 12:8 For the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day. 12:9 And when he was departed thence, he went into their synagogue: 12:10 And, behold, there was a man which had his hand withered. And they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath days? that they might accuse him. 12:11 And he said unto them, What man shall there be among you, that shall have one sheep, and if it fall into a pit on the sabbath day, will he not lay hold on it, and lift it out? 12:12 How much then is a man better than a sheep? Wherefore it is lawful to do well on the sabbath days. 12:13 Then saith he to the man, Stretch forth thine hand. And he stretched it forth; and it was restored whole, like as the other.

    12:1 At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pick the heads of grain and eat them. 12:2 When the Pharisees saw this, they said to Him, "Look, Your disciples are doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath." 12:3 Jesus replied, "Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry? 12:4 He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread, which was not lawful for them to eat, but only for the priests. 12:5 Or haven't you read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple break the Sabbath and yet are innocent? 12:6 But I tell you that something greater than the temple is here. 12:7 If only you had known the meaning of 'I desire mercy, not sacrifice,' you would not have condemned the innocent. 12:8 For the Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath." 12:9 Moving on from there, Jesus entered their synagogue, 12:10 and a man with a withered hand was there. In order to accuse Jesus, they asked Him, "Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?" 12:11 He replied, "If one of you has a sheep and it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will he not take hold of it and lift it out? 12:12 How much more valuable is a man than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath." 12:13 Then Jesus said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." So he stretched it out, and it was restored to full use, just like the other.

    King James VersionBerean Standard Bible

Diff style

Changes in The Baptist Catechism (1695), Question 65

No change, but in spelling and punctuation.

No change, but in spelling and punctuation.

The Baptist Catechism (1695), Question 65

How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?

The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.

Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647), Question 60

How is the sabbath to be sanctified?

The sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.

The Baptist Catechism (1695), Question 65

How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?

The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.

The Baptist Catechism (1695), Question 65

How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?

The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.

Westminster Shorter Catechism (modernized) (1647), Question 60

How is the sabbath to be sanctified?

The sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.

The Baptist Catechism (1695), Question 65

How is the Sabbath to be sanctified?

The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days; and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God’s worship, except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.

Related (2)

Westminster Larger Catechism (1647), parallel to this question

Question 117

How is the sabbath or the Lord’s day to be sanctified?

The sabbath or Lord’s day is to be sanctified by an holy resting all the day, not only from such works as are at all times sinful, but even from such worldly employments and recreations as are on other days lawful; and making it our delight to spend the whole time (except so much of it as is to be taken up in works of necessity and mercy) in the public and private exercises of God’s worship: and, to that end, we are to prepare our hearts, and with such foresight, diligence, and moderation, to dispose and seasonably dispatch our worldly business, that we may be the more free and fit for the duties of that day.

Question 118

Why is the charge of keeping the sabbath more specially directed to governors of families, and other superiors?

The charge of keeping the sabbath is more specially directed to governors of families, and other superiors, because they are bound not only to keep it themselves, but to see that it be observed by all those that are under their charge; and because they are prone ofttimes to hinder them by employments of their own.

Commentaries (9)

  • Joseph Alleine, 1672, A Most Familiar Explanation of the Assemblies Shorter Catechism

    How is the Sabbath to be sanctified? The Sabbath is to be sanctified, by an holy resting all that day, even from such worldly imployments and recreations as are lawful on other…

    Joseph Alleine’s text
  • Thomas Lye, 1672, The Assemblies Shorter Catechism Drawn out into Distinct Propositions

    How is the Sabbath to be sanctified? The Sabbath is to be sanctified by an holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations, as are lawful on other…

    Thomas Lye’s text
  • Thomas Vincent, 1673, An Explicatory Catechism

    How is the Sabbath to be Sanctified? The Sabbath is to be Sanctified by an holy Resting all that day, even from such worldly imployments and recreations as are lawful on other…

    Thomas Vincent’s text
  • 1675, An Explicatory Catechism

    How is the Sabbath to be sanctified? The Sabbath is to be sanctified by an holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations, as are lawful on other…

    Its text
  • John Flavel, 1692, An Exposition of the Assembly’s Catechism

    How is the Sabbath to be Sanctified? The Sabbath is to be Sanctified by an holy resting all that day, even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other…

    John Flavel’s text
  • Thomas Watson, 1692, A Body of Practical Divinity (4 parts)

    EXOD. XX. 9, 10. Six Days shalt thou labour and do all thy Work, but the Seventh Day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God, in it thou shalt do no manner of Work, &c. Six Days shalt…

    Thomas Watson’s text
  • Matthew Henry, 1703, A Scripture Catechism

    How is the Sabbath to be sanctified? The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy Resting all that Day, even from such worldly Employments and Recreations as are lawful on other…

    Matthew Henry’s text
  • Alexander Whyte, 1883, A Commentary on the Shorter Catechism

    The sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting—The question of what constituted and what invaded and broke up this holy rest was a frequent cause of dispute between our Lord…

    Alexander Whyte’s text
  • Benjamin Beddome, 1752, A Scriptural Exposition of the Baptist Catechism

    On The Baptist Catechism (1695), Question 65, which adapts this question

    Must we sanctify the sabbath? Yes. Keep the sabbath to sanctify it, Must we keep the sabbath as a day of rest? Yes. It is a sabbath of rest, Should public worship be maintained on…

    Benjamin Beddome’s text